Biblical Division, School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary
Linguistic and Exegetical Books Required in the Master of Divinity Program
for Old and New Testament Courses
Revised December 2009
MDiv students should use the following books from the beginning of the elementary Hebrew and Greek language courses. Students will note that these materials are necessary for the full range of Bible courses and not simply required texts for the beginning stages of language study.
Old Testament
Text of the Bible
Elliger, K., and W. Rudolph. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 5th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997.
Complete Bible
Students may prefer Biblia Sacra: Utriusque Testamenti: Editio Hebraica et Graeca. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1994.
This volume combines Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 4th ed., and Nestle, E. and K. Aland. Novum Testamentum Graece, 27th ed.
Lexicons
Brown, F., S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, with an appendix, containing the Biblical Aramaic. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996 [original date, 1906].
Highly Recommended Books
Grammars
Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. Rome: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblio, 1991.
Gesenius, W., and E. F. Kautzsch et al. Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. 2d. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963 [original date, 1910].
Students may choose to use one of these standard reference grammars.
Concordances
Many will prefer electronic concordances; one only needs to be certain that a concordance is "complete."
Even-Shoshan, Abraham. A New Concordance of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989.
Study Aids
Waltke, Bruce K., and M. O’Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
Williams, Ronald J., and John C. Beckman. Williams Hebrew Syntax: An Outline. 3d ed. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2007.
New Testament
* Items marked with one asterisk come with BibleWorks.
** Items marked with two asterisks can be unlocked on BibleWorks for a fee.
Required for NT Exegesis Courses
Greek New Testament
Nestle, E., and K. Aland. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012 [NA28].
OR Aland, K. et al. The Greek New Testament. 4th ed. United Bible Societies, 1993 [UBS4].
(Nestle, E., and K. Aland. Novum Testamentum Graece. 27th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012 [NA27] is allowed.)*
Danker, F. W. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3d ed. Based on Walter Bauer. . . . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000 [BDAG].**
Wallace, D. B. Greek Grammar beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.*
Recommendations for Students’ and Pastors’ Libraries
Bible Software
BibleWorks
Bible Version, Greek Old Testament
Rahlfs, Alfred, and Robert Hanhart, eds. Septuaginta. Corrected ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006. *Older edition comes with Bibleworks.
Concordance
Kohlenberger, J. R., III, E. W. Goodrick, and J. A. Swanson. The Exhaustive Concordance to the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995. Concordance functions are duplicated on software such as BibleWorks.
Other Lexicons
Balz, Horst, and Gerhard Schneider. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990. **
Liddell, H. G., R. Scott, H. S. Jones, and R. McKenzie. A Greek English Lexicon. 9th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Much of the unabridged LSJ is available on Perseus:
Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains. 2 vols. 2d ed. United Bible Societies, 1988.*
Other Grammars
Blass, F., and A. Debrunner. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Trans. and rev. of the 9th—10th German ed. by R. W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961 [BDF].**
Moulton, J. H., W. F. Howard, and N. Turner. A Grammar of New Testament Greek. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1906-1976: [J. H. Moulton, Volume I: Prolegomena, 1906; 2d ed., 1908; 3d ed., 1908; J. H. Moulton and W. H. Howard, Volume II: Accidence and Word-Formation with an Appendix on Semitisms in the New Testament, Part i, 1919; Part ii, 1920; Part iii, 1929; reprinted 1956; N. Turner, Volume III: Syntax, 1963; and N. Turner, Volume IV: Style, 1976.]. [Can be purchased for Logos, but not BibleWorks at this point.]
Other Aids
Aharoni, Yohanan, Micahel Avi-Yonah, Anson F. Rainey, and Ze’ev Safrai. The Macmillan Bible Atlas. 3d rev. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1993.
Metzger, Bruce. Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. Stuttgart: Deutsche Biblegesellschaft, 1994.*
Tübinger Bibelatlas: Auf der Grundlage des Tübinger Atlas des vorderen Orients [Tavo] [T
Zerwick, Max. A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testment. Unabridged. 5th rev. ed. Trans. Mary Grosvenor. Rome: Pontifico Instituto Biblico, 1996. The functions of Zerwick are duplicated on software such as BibleWorks.